Friction plate with heat dissipating material



April 1969 c. P. WARMAN 3,435, 3

FRICTION PLATE WITH HEAT .DISSIPATING MATERIAL CHARLES I? WARMAN 1N VEN TOA.

Q 5 I a d ,1!

HIS AGENT Sheet of 3 mi e .92 1 4 Filed Sept. 1.9, 1966 A1311] 1, 1969 Q P, WARMAN FRICTION PLATE WITH HEAT DISSIPATING MATERIAL Sh eet g 01"3 Filed Sept. 19, 1966 CHARLES P. WARMAN INVENTOR.

April 1, 1969 WARMAN FRICTIC JN PLATE WITH HEAT D ISSIPATING MATERIAL Sheet of 3 Filed Sept. 19. 19 66 CHARLES R WARMAN- INVENTOR.

HIS AGENT United States Patent US. Cl. 192-107 8 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A brake or clutch wear plate in which a metal, such as steel, is used to provide the desired tensile strength and metal, such as wrought copper or sintered copper, is used to fill perforations in the wear plate of the clutch or brake to enable rapid dissipation of heat with the plate being cooled by a cooling fluid, such as water, so as to prevent warping of the wear plate and enable the wear plate to be operated at a relatively cool temperature, which minimizes wear thereon. Provision is made for bonding the sintered metal, such as copper, or wrought copper, to the base plate. Further provision is made for coating the base plate with a metal of high heat conductivity, such as copper, in sintered form or in the form of sheets of wrought metal which is also bonded to the metal inserts and to the base plate.

This application is co-pending with my application Ser. No. 556,793, filed May 6, 1966, for Heat Dissipating Clutch or Brake With a Peripherally Pivoted Planar Wear Plate for Expansive Movement in a Co-extensive Plane.

This invention relates to improvements in wear plates for clutches and brakes and more particularly to a wear plate of improved appearance, the wear rate of these wear plates and friction couples being designed for arresting or retarding the motion of a machine or mechanism. The invention is particularly concerned with disctype brakes and disc-type clutches which will rapidly dissipate heat and, at the same time, will provide a high coefficient of friction.

Various wear plates have been proposed heretofore, such as steel, copper and the like; however, these for the most part, had certain disadvantages which the present wear plate is constructed to overcome.

Most friction couples used in industry involve the use of an asbestos fibre-reinforced, heat-hardenable plastic friction material running against an iron mating member. The use of iron is generally dictated because of its relatively low cost and high strength. It becomes apparent in some installations, however, that the heat conductivity of iron is not sufiicient to keep the surface temperatures of the interface below levels that are critical to either the friction material or the iron mating member.

Steel and iron wear plates and friction couples do not dissipate heat as rapidly as do copper wear plates, especially when used with a cooling media which is circulated thereagainst. Copper wear plates readily dissipate heat when a cooling media is circulated thereagainst and have a desirable coefficient of friction; however, the cost of copper compared to steel is relatively high, and copper does not have the tensile strength of steel.

One method of reducing the surface temperature while retaining the high strength of iron and the hardness of iron as a mating surface for existing friction materials is to insert copper heat conductors normal to the friction tract so as to conduct heat away from the surface and distribute it through the iron, thus lowering the surface temperature to acceptable limits. The inserts may be sintered powdered copper or wrought or fused copper. The projected ratio of copper area to iron area is, of course, optional. However, it has been found that equal areas of copper and iron provide a most economical compromise.

Pure copper is obviously soft (Mohs scale hardness of approximately 3.5) and is scored by the hard common friction materials which are designed to run against iron. The present invention prevents this by allowing the copper to act as a thermal conductor for the heat through the metal member while the harder iron supports the lining and contributes to the structural strength of the device.

The present wear plate combines the advantages of both copper and steel, that is, the basic structure of the plate is steel which lends to a structure of less cost and higher tensile strength; however, the steel plate is perforated to form receptacles for sintered copper or other high heat conductive material. The present wear plate structure is such that it may be used in connection with a clutch of the character shown in my co-pending application Ser. No. 556,793, filed May 6, 1966, for 2. Heat Dissipating Clutch or Brake With a Peripherally Pivoted Planar Wear Plate for Expansive Movement in a Co-extensive Plane.

An object of this invention is to provide a wear plate for a clutch or brake which wear plate has relatively high tensile strength, a high coefiicient of friction, and a high coeffcient of heat transfer.

Another object of the invention is to provide a wear plate for a clutch or brake which has substantially the same coefiicient of heat transfer as a copper wear plate but which is materially lower in cost of construction.

Another object of the invention is to provide a wear plate for a clutch or brake which wear plate may be used in a liquid cooled clutch or brake system in such manner as to prevent warping of the wear plate.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a wear plate for a clutch or brake which wear plate is of high tensile strength, has a perforate steel inner plate and a facing of copper on either side thereof, which facings are interconnected by spaced apart copper elements.

Another object of the invention is to provide a perforate ferrous plate to receive sintered copper therein and on a face thereof.

Another object of the invention is to provide a wear plate for a clutch or brake, which wear plate is used with a cooling media, wherein at least one face of the wear plate is of sheet copper with a perforate plate attached thereto by sintered copper.

With these objects in mind and others which will become manifest as the description proceeds, reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters designate like parts in the several views thereof, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wear plate for a clutch or brake, which wear plate has a perforate ferrous base plate with sintered metal within the perforations of the base plate on each side thereof;

FIG. 2 is a semi-annular portion of the wear plate for a clutch or brake, as shown in FIG. 1, with parts broken away and shown in section, with portions of the outer face of the sintered metal being removed to show the arrangement of the chamfered perforations therein;

FIG. 3 is a view of a fragmentary portion of the base plate, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but without showing the sintered metal therein;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4-4 of FIG. 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 2, but showing a fragmentary portion of the sintered metal removed to show the unchamfered perforations formed in the base plate, which are filled with sintered metal;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view similar to FIG. 5, but With the perforate base plate shown without sintered metal within the perforations thereof;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken on line 77 of FIG. 5, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 4, but showing a sheet of metal secured to a face of a perforate base plate and showing the sheet metal plate secured thereto by sintered metal within the perforations thereof;

FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8, showing sintered metal within the perforations of the base plate;

FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 9 except each side of each perforation is chamfered;

FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 10, except only one side of each perforation is chamfered;

FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 9 except one side of the base plate has a coating of sintered metal thereover, which is in communication with the sintered metal in the perforations of the base plate;

FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 12, showing both sides of the perforate base plate as having chamfered perforations, and showing one side thereof covered with sintered metal which is integral with the sintered metal in the perforations of the base plate;

FIG. 14 is a view similar to FIG. 13, but showing only one side as having chambers in the perforations, and showing only one facing attached thereto by the sintered metal within the perforations thereof;

FIG. 15 is a view similar to FIG. 14, but showing a facing of sintered metal on each side of the perforate base plate, and showing only one side of the perforations of the base plate as being chamfered;

FIG. 16 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a wear plate for clutches and brakes, with parts shown in section and with parts broken away, similar to FIG. 8, but showing a sheet of metal secured to each face of a perforate base plate, and showing sintered metal, of high heat conductivity, within the perforations of the base plate;

FIG. 17 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a wear plate for clutches and brakes, with parts shown in section and with parts broken away, similar to FIG. 16, but showing the perforations in the base plate as being chamfered on each end of each perforation, which perforations and chamfers filled with a fused metallic material of high heat conductivity;

FIG. 18 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a wear plate for clutches and brakes with parts shown in section and with parts broken away, similar to FIG. 16, but showing the perforations in the base plate filled with a metal of high heat conductivity, and showing a sheet of metallic material, of high heat conductivity, covering one side of the base plate and being bonded thereto;

FIG. 19 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a perforate wear plate for clutches and brakes, with portions broken away and with portions shown in section, the perforations thereof being shown as filled with a fused metal, such as copper, of high heat conductivity;

FIG. 20 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a wear plate for clutches and brakes, with parts shown in section and with parts broken away, similar to FIG. 10, but with the chamfers of the perforations in the base plate filled with a fused metal of high heat conductivity;

FIG. 21 is a view similar to FIG. 20, but showing the perforations in the base plate being chamfered on one side only, with the perforations and chamfers thereof being filled with fused metal of high heat conductivity, such as copper;

FIG. 22 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a wear plate for clutches and brakes, with parts shown in section and with parts broken away, similar to FIG. 18, but showing the perforations in the base plate chamfered on each end, and showing the perforations and chamfers filled with a fused metal of high heat conductivity, which sheet of metal is with a sheet of metal bonded to one side only of the base plate, in contact relation with the fused metal filling the perforations and chambers of the base plate;

FIG. 23 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a wear plate for clutches and brakes, with parts shown in section and with parts broken away, similar to FIG. 22, but showing the perforations in the base plate chamfered at one end only;

FIG. 24 is a fragmentary perspective view of a wear plate for clutches and brakes, with parts shown in section and with parts broken away, similar to FIG. 17, but showing the perforations of the base plate chamfered on one end only, and showing a sheet of metal bonded to each side of the base plate, and

FIG. 25 is a fragmentary, sectional view similar to FIG. 17, but the perforations of the base plate are shown without a chamfer at either end thereof.

With more detailed reference to the drawing, the numeral 1 designates a first form of wear plate for a clutch or brake, which wear plate has a perforate base plate 2, the perforations of which are indicated at 4. The perforations 4 are chamfered as indicated at 6, in FIGS. 3 and 4. It is preferable to have the perforate base plate 2 of a metal of high tensile strength, such as steel, with the perforations 4 and chamfers 6 thereof being of such size that the chamfers 6 will be substantially tangential over each face of the perforate base plate 2. The perforations 4 and chamfers 6 are filled with a sintered metal 8, which sintered metal, within the perforations 4 and chamfers 6, bonds with a disc-like sintered metal facing 10 on each side of the perforate base plate 2.

It is preferable that the sintered metal have a high coelficient of friction, and it has been found that copper has a high heat transfer and a relatively high coefiicient of friction. Therefore, when all of the perforations 4, within the perforate base plate 2 and chamfers 6 thereof are filled and a thickness of disc-like sintered metal facing 10 is formed on each side of the perforate base plate 2, the heat transfer has been found to be more rapid through the sintered metal, such as copper, than through a wear plate of solid ferrous metal. The disc-like sintered metal facing 10 has the plane faces thereof parallel. However, the perforate base plate 2 of ferrous material, such as steel, lends high tensile strength to the perforate base plate and enables a clutch or brake wear plate having a high coeflicient of friction and a relatively high heat transfer to be produced at a much more nominal cost than if made of solid copper or other material having equally hlgh heat transfer.

In the form of the invention as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4, at least one notch 12 is provided in the periphery of the wear plate thereof which notch fits in complementary relation with an abutting pin such as shown in my co-pending application as filed May 6, 1966. While the notch has been shown as one means of maintaining the wear plate 1 against relative rotation with respect to the complementary body member of the clutch, on which the notched wear plate engages and is rotatable therewith, it 1s to be understood that other means of maintaining the Wear plate 1 in relatively fixed relation with respect to the body member is within the purview of the present invention.

Various metals, such as sintered copper, sintered silver or a combination of metals, may be used in the present plate to achieve the above mentioned results. Furthermore, other materials which increase the friction, such as emery or silicon, may be added.

Second form of the invention A second form of a wear plate for a clutch or brake is shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 7, the overall appearance of which wear plate is generally the same as the form of the invention shown in FIG. 1. In this form of the invention,

the wear plate is designated generally by the numeral 21, which wear plate has a perforate base plate 22 with circumferentially and laterally spaced apart perforations 24 therethrough. The perforations 24 are of such size as to permit sintered metal 28, such as sintered copper, bronze, silver or other high heat conductive sintered metal, to be filled thereinto. Each side of the perforate base plate 22 is covered with sintered metal, which is in bonding relation with the sintered metal 28 so that the sides or disclike sintered metal facings 30 will form parallel planar faces for the wear plate 21.

By having sintered metal 28 filling the perforations 24, and with the disc-like sintered metal facings 30 on each side thereof, a wear plate for clutches or brakes is had, which wear plate has high heat conductivity, through the sintered metal, from one face to the other face thereof. Therefore, when a clutch plate is brought into frictional engagement with the wear plate, heat is rapidly dissipated to the other side of the wear plate, which is in fluid contact relation with a cooling media being circulated thereagainst, as disclosed in the above copending application filed May 6, 1966.

In the form of the invention as shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 7, at least one notch 32 is provided in the periphery the wear plate to fit in complementary relation with an abutting pin such as shown in my co-pending application as filed May 6, 1966. While the notch has been shown as one means of maintaining the wear plate 21 against relative rotation with respect to the complementary body member of the clutch on which the notched wear plate engages and with which it is rotatable, it is to be understood that other means of maintaining the wear plate 21 in relatively fixed relation with respect to the body member is within the purview of the present invention.

With the perforate base plate 22 made of steel or other ferrous metal, high strength may be had; however, since the steel or ferrous metal is lower in heat conductivity than sintered copper, bronze, silver or the like, high conductivity of sintered metal to dissipate the heat to a cooling media may be readily had by this form of the invention which enables heat to be readily dissipated, and at the same time, a high coefficient of friction is maintained, which is necessary and desirable for the wear plates of clutches or brakes.

Third form of the invention forms a metal facing plate 50 in coextensive contact rela- 4 tion therewith; so when the sintered metal 48 is processed by heat, it will be bonded to the perforate base plate 42 and to the inner face of the metal facing plate 50 which is preferably made of copper or other material of high heat conductivity.

It is preferable that the wear plate 41 have at least one notch 52 in the periphery thereof so as to enable the wear plate to be used with the form of the invention in the above co-pending application. However, it is to be pointed out that the present structure is not to be limited to the above mentioned plate, but it is readily applicable for use with any type of wear plate which requires high heat conductivity, such as used in fluid cooled clutches and fluid cooled brakes.

Fourth form of the invention The fourth form of wear plate for clutches, brakes or the like is shown in FIG. 9, utilizes a Wear plate designated generally by the numeral 61, which wear plate has a perforate base plate 62 having perforations 64 therein,

6 which perforations are filled with sintered metal 68, which metal is preferably copper or other metal of high heat conductivity and which metal has a high coefficient of friction. The sintered metal 68 fills the perforations 64 and forms plane surfaces coextensive with the plane faces 69 formed on each side of perforate base plate 62.

The perforate base plate 62 may be made of steel or other ferrous metal of high tensile strength, but which metal may be relatively low in heat conductivity. However, by filling the perforations 64 which sintered metal 68, such as copper, bronze, silver or a combination of these or other metals of high heat conductivity, the heat will be rapidly transmitted through the wear plate 61 to the other side thereof when a frictional element, such as a clutch plate or friction brake is brought into binding engagement with one of the plane faces 69. Whereupon, the heat will be readily dissipated through the sintered metal 68 to the other plane face 69, which is preferably in fiuid contact relation with a cooling media being circulated thereagainst, such as disclosed in the above mentioned co-pending application. A peripheral notch 72 is formed in the periphery of the wear plate 61 when used with a clutch disclosed in the aforementioned application.

Fifth form of the invention A fifth form of wear plate for clutches or brakes is disclosed in FIG. 10, and is somewhat similar to the form of the invention as shown in FIG. 9. In this form of the invention, the wear plate is designated generally by the numeral 81. The perforate base plate 82 of which wear plate 81 has perforations 84 formed therein. The perforations are chamfered as indicated at 86 on each side thereof so as to present a maximum surface into which sintered metal 88 is filled, which sintered metal extends through the perforations 84 in such manner that, when the sintered metal is processed, as by heating, it is bonded to the perforate base plate 82, with the head portion which fills chamfers 86 extending outward until these chamfers are substantially co-planar with each plane face 89. In this manner, the greater portion of the area of the plane faces 89 of the perforate base plate 82 are covered with sintered metal of high heat conductivity and which metal also has a high coefficient of friction. Among the aforementioned metals, copper is preferable due to its high heat conductivity and its high coefficient of friction thereof.

The clutch wear plate 81 is shown with a notch 92 in the periphery thereof, which enables the present wear plate to be used in a clutch of the character disclosed in the aforementioned co-pending application, and which clutch plate has the heat transfer characteristics inherent in copper and the other metals above mentioned.

Sixth form: of the invention The sixth form of the invention, as shown in FIG. 11, discloses a wear plate 101 for a clutch or brake, which wear plate has a perforate base plate 102 which may be of a ferrous metal such as steel, cast iron, or the like, and which perforate base plate 102 has perforations 104 therein. One side of the perforations of the base plate 102 is chamfered as indicated at 106, which chamfers form recesses in the perforate base plate 102 which are substantially tangential and which are similar to the form of the invention as shown in FIG. 10, except these chamfers 106 are on only one planar face 109 of the wear plate 101. However, the perforations 104 and chamfers 106 are filled with sintered metal 108 so that each planar face 109 of the perforate base plate 102 will have sintered metal flush with the face thereof. The sintered metal is processed within the wear plate 101 in such manner as to bond the sintered metal together and to bond the sintered metal to the walls of the perforations 104 and to the faces of the chamfers 106 so as to present a substantially unitary wear plate for clutches or brakes. With the sintered metal thus processed, the perforate base plate 102, which is preferably of steel or other ferrous metal, gives a wear plate of high tensile strength for use with a clutch or a brake and, at the same time, presents a wear plate for a clutch or a brake at a much lower cost than if the Wear plate were made of solid material such as solid copper, bronze or silver.

It is preferable to have a notch 112 within the periphery of the wear plate 101 so it may be used with a clutch similar to the clutch described in the above mentioned co-pending application. By having a large surface of sintered metal of high heat conductivity on one side of the plate, heat may be readily gathered from a friction wear member and transmitted to the other side of the wear plate, which may be in fiuid communication with a cooling media thereby to readily dissipate the heat as transmitted primarily therethrough by the sintered metal.

Seventh form of the invention A seventh form of the invention, shown in FIG. 12, discloses a disc-like wear plate for a clutch or brake, designated generally by the numeral 121, which wear plate has a perforate base plate 122 that has parallel planar disc faces 129 thereon. The perforate base plate 122 is perforated with circumferentially and laterally spaced apart perforations as indicated at 124, which perforations are filled with a sintered metal 128 that extends from face to face of perforate base plate 122.

One of the planar disc faces 129 is covered with a coating of sintered metal as indicated at 130, which coating of sintered metal forms a face which is coextensive with one of the planar disc faces 129 and which face is in contact relation with the adjacent end faces of sintered metal 128 within the filled perforations 124.

A notch 132 is located in the periphery of the wear plate 121 so as to enable the disc-like wear plate to be used with the aforementioned form of the invention.

Eighth form of the invention The eighth form of the invention, which is disclosed in FIG. 13, has a clutch or brake wear plate 141, which wear plate has a perforate base plate 142 having perforations 144 formed therein, which perforations are chamfered as indicated at 146 on each end thereof. The perforations 144 and chamfers 146 are filled with a sintered metal of high heat conductivity as indicated at 148, which sintered metal extends into the chamfers 146 so that the plane faces of the sintered metal in the chamfer will be coextensive with the planar disc faces 149 of perforate base plate 142. A facing of sintered metal 150 covers one of the planar disc faces 149 and is in contact, bonded relation with the sintered metal in the chamfers 146 on the adjacent face of perforate base plate 142. The planar disc face 149 of perforate base plate 142 is parallel to the planar face of the sintered metal coating or facing 150 and is parallel with the adjacent planar disc face 149 of perforate base plate 142. This presents a facing of sintered metal 150 that is in contact relation with the sintered metal 148 in the chamfers 146 and perforations 144 so as to give high heat conductivity from one side of the wear plate 141 to the other side thereof, so as to conduct heat therethrough into contact relation with a fluid media in contact relation with the face thereof.

In the form of the invention as shown in FIG. 13, at least one notch 152 is provided in the periphery thereof to fit in complementary relation with an abutting pin such as shown in my co-pending application as filed May 6, 1966, Ser. No. 556,793. While the notch has been shown as one means of maintaining the wear plate 141 against relative rotation with respect to the complementary body member of the clutch on which the notched wear plate engages and is rotatable therewith, it is to be pointed out that other means of maintaining the wear plate 141 in relatively fixed relation with respect to the body member is within the purview of the present invention.

Ninth form of the invention The ninth form of the invention, as disclosed in FIG. 14, shows a disc-like wear plate for a clutch or a brake, designated generally by the numeral 161, which disclike wear plate has a perforate base plate which has parallel, planar, disc faces 169. The base plate 162 is perforated with circumferentially, and laterally, spaced apart perforations as indicated at 164, which perforations 164 are chamfered as indicated at 166. The perforations 164 and chamfers 166 are filled with sintered metal 168 which extends from face to face of the perforate base plate 162 and is co-planar therewith. A coating of sintered metal forms a facing 170 on one of the parallel, planar disc faces 169 of the perforate base plate 162 in which the chamfers 166 are formed, so when the sintered metal 168 is coated onto the parallel, planar, disc face 169, it will form a bond with the sintered metal within chamfers 166 and with the parallel, planar, disc face 169. Therefore, when the sintered metal 168 is processed, as by heating, it will form a substantially unitary wear plate for a clutch or brake so as to rapidly transmit heat through the sintered metal which is of copper or other high heat conductive material.

The perforate base plate 162 may be made of steel, iron, or other material of high tensile strength, thereby decreasing the overall weight and size of the disc-like wear plate 161. It is preferable to have a notch 172 formed in the periphery of the disc-like wear plate 161 so the notch may fit in complementary relation with an abutting pin such as disclosed in my co-pending application, Ser. No. 566,793, as filed May 6, 1966. However, it is to be understood that the disc-like wear plate for a clutch or brake is not to be limited per se to the notched periphery except as set forth in the claims.

Tenth form of the invention The tenth form of the invention is similar to the first form of the invention except this form of the invention, as shown in FIG. 15, has a wear plate, designated generally at 181, which wear plate has a base plate 182 which has perforations 184 therein. The perforations 184 of the perforate base plate 182 are chamfered, as indicated at 186, on one side thereof; and the perforations 184 and chamfers 186 are filled with a sintered metal, as indicated at 188, which sintered metal extends to each of the plane faces 189. Each of the plane faces 189 has a coating of sintered metal which forms a facing thereon, which is in unitary bonding relation with sintered metal 188 in perforations 184 and chamfers 186. The plane faces 189 are parallel and cover the disc-like perforate base plate 182 so that heat, as by the engagement of the clutch or brake, will be transmitted from the facing of sintered metal 190, through the sintered metal 188, to the opposite facing of sintered metal 190 of the wear plate 181.

The wear plate 181 preferably has at least one notch 192 in the periphery thereof to complementary engage an abutment on a clutch body such as disclosed in my co-pending application as filed May 6, 1966, Ser. No. 556,793. It is to be understood, however, that other means of maintaining the wear plate 181 in relatively fixed relation with respect to the body member is within the purview of the present invention.

Eleventh form of the invention The eleventh form of the invention shows a wear plate for a clutch or brake in FIG. 16, which utilizes a wear plate 201 with a base plate 202 which base plate has perforations 204 formed therein. The perforations 204 are filled with sintered metal as indicated at 208, which sintered metal 208 is, preferably, copper or metal of high coefficient of heat conductivity and which sintered metal 208 is flush with each face of the faces 209 of the perforate base plate 202. Each side of the perforate base plate 202 has a sheet of metal, preferably copper, that forms a metal facing plate 210 coextensive with and bonded in contact relation with the respective faces 209 of the perforate base plate 202 and with the sintered metal 208 which fills the perforations 204.

The wear plate 201 is preferably annular in shape and is processed by heating the plate, including the perforate base plate 202, the sintered metal 208, and the metal facing plates 210, with the metal facing plates 210 being pressed in tight engagement with the perforate base plate 202 and sintered metal 208 while the heat is being applied, which will securely bond all elements into a wear plate of substantially unitary construction.

It is preferable that the wear plate 201 have at least one notch 212 in the periphery thereof so as to enable the wear plate 201 to be used with the form of the invention in the above mentioned co-pending application. However, it is to be pointed out that the present structure is not to be limited to a wear plate using the above mentioned notch, but is readily applicable to any wear plate which requies high heat conductivity such as used in fluid clutches and fluid brakes.

Twelfth form of the invention The twelfth form of the invention is somewhat similar to the third form of the invention; however, this form of the invention shows a disc-like wear plate, designated generally by the numeral 221, as shown in FIG. 17. This form of the disc-like wear plate is for use with a clutch or brake which utilizes a liquid cooling media which dissipates the heat generated by the wear plate running against a friction element, such as a clutch plate or a brake plate of asbestos composition which is bonded with a plate friction material, which material is hardened by heat.

The present disc-like wear plate 221 has a base plate 222 which has perforations 224 therein, which perforations 224 are chamfered at each end, as indicated at 226. The perforations 224 and the chamfered portions 226 of the perforate base plate 222 are each filled with a pure metallic copper, as by melting the copper thereinto, and thereby peripherally bonding the copper to the perforate base plate 222 which is preferably made of metal having high tensile strength, such as steel. However, the copper inserts may be put into the perforations 224 and bonded to the perforate base plate 222 as elongated copper slugs 228 and then upset, so that the upset portion of the elongated copper slugs 228 will fill the perforations 224 and chamfered portions 226 and may be surfaced so that the faces of the chamfers are co-planar with the respective faces of the perforate base plate 222.

Each side of the perforate base plate 222 is covered by a sheet or plate of pure copper or by an alloy of high copper content, as indicated at 230. The sheets or plates 230 are bonded to the perforate base plate 222 and to the faces of the elongated copper slugs 22-8, and the periphery thereof is heated so that the elongated copper slugs will form a unitary bond on each side of the perforate base plate 222.

A notch 232 is formed in the periphery of the disc-like wear plate 221 to receive an abutment thereby to prevent relative rotation between the disc-like wear plate 221 and the housing or body in which the wear plate is fitted as disclosed in my co-pending application.

Thirteenth form the invention The thirteenth form of the invention is somewhat like the third form of the invention except, the clutch or brake wear plate 241, as shown in FIG. 18, has a perforate base plate 242 which base plate has perforations 244 therein. The perforations 244 are preferably filled with solid copper or with .an alloy of high copper content which may be melted within the perforations 242 and bonded to the perforate base plate 242; or the copper which fills the perforations may be copper slugs 248 which are of a diameter that may be insertable in the perforations 244 and of such length that they may be compressed into the perforations 244 within the perforate base plate 242 so as to be frictionally welded by pressure within the perforations, so that the end faces thereof will be co-planar with the faces of the perforate base plate 242.

One side of the perforate base plate 242 has a disc-like metal facing plate 250 of copper, which is in bonded relation with the perforate base plate 242 and with the copper slugs 248 within the perforations 244. In this manner, the efficiency of copper for transmitting heat from the friction couple to the liquid cooling media is rapid, as the copper has a high coeificient of heat conductivity and will readily dissipate the heat into the liquid cooling media in a manner set forth in the above co-pending application.

The disc-like wear plate 241 preferably has a notch 252 in the periphery thereof to maintain the wear plate against relative rotation with respect to the body or the housing in which the disc-like wear plate is fitted in sealed relation.

Fourteenth form of the invention The fourteenth form of the invention, as illustrated in FIGURE 19, has a wear plate, designated generally by the numeral 261, which wear plate includes a base plate 262 which has perforations 264 formed therein. The perforations 264 preferably are filled with a wrought copper filler which fills the perforations 264 in such a manner as to bond the copper to the perforate base plate 262 with each end of the copper member 268 extending outwardly so as to be flush with and co-planar with the opposite surfaces of the perforate base plate 262.

The perforate base plate 262 is preferably made of steel which presents a clutch or brake wear plate of relatively high tensile strength. The copper members 268, which may be in the form of inserts, are fitted into perforations 264 and are flush with the respective sides of the clutch wear plate 261, which is usually disc-like in shape, and which copper members enable an asbestos fiber-reinforced, heat-hardened plastic friction material to be used thereagainst in furnishing a friction couple for a brake or clutch with the perforate steel base plate presenting a driving member of high tensile strength and with the wrought copper inserts furnishing a heat sink to transfer the heat generated by the friction material running against the wear plate to a cooling media such as water that is being circulated against the opposite side of the wear plate 261 which will readily dissipate the hfat to an efficiency that approaches a solid copper wear p ate.

Since pure wrought copper is relatively soft, and steel, such as that which forms the perforate base plate 262, is relatively hard, and with the surface area of these metals being substantially equal, a clutch wear plate made in this manner would present good wearing qualities and yet dissipate the heat much more rapidly than an all steel wear plate. The ratio of copper area to the iron or steel is optional; however, it has been found that equal areas of copper and iron or steel provide a most effective wear plate, both as to tensile strength and efficiency in dissipating heat.

Fifteenth form of the invention The fifteenth form of the invention, as illustrated in FIG. 20, comprises a wear plate, designated generally by the numeral 281. The wear plate 281 has a base plate 282 which is preferably made of iron or steel, and which base plate has perforations 284 formed therein. The perforations 284 are chamfered, as indicated at 286, on each side of the perforate base plate 282. Wrought copper inserts 288 fill each of the perforations 284, extend outward, and are upset or fused in such manner as to fill the chamfered portions 286 so that the surfaces of the fused or upset copper inserts 288 are flush with the outer surface of the perforate base plate 282. With the copper inserts fitted in this manner, they will not readily become loose as they are bonded to the wear plate either by heat or by frictional welding; so when used as a wear plate for a clutch or brake, the heat is dissipated through the wrought copper which has a high coefficient of heat conductivity which will enable the use of the clutch plate in combination with a liquid cooling media, such as shown in my co-pending application, so as to enable the clutch to run at a relatively cool temperature and yet transmit a relatively high amount of horsepower.

A notch 292 is shown in the periphery of the clutch or brake Wear plate 281, which notch is adapted to be engaged with an abutment when used with the type of clutch or brake as disclosed in my co-pending application.

Sixteenth form of the invention The sixteenth form of the invention, as illustrated in FIG. 21, has a clutch or brake wear plate 301 which has a base plate 302 made of relatively high tensile strength iron or steel and which base plate 302 has perforations 304 formed therein. One end of the perforations 304 is chamfered, as indicated at 306, to receive a wrought copper slug therein, which slug is headed at one end to fill the chamfer 306 so that the face of the copper filled chamfer is flush with the face of the perforate base plate 302 with the copper slug being bonded to the perforate base plate as by heat, or welding by pressure and friction.

The opposite side of the clutch or brake wear plate 301 has the wrought copper inserts 308 within perforations 304 being flush with the surface of the perforate base plate 302 so as to form parallel planar wear surfaces. A notch 312 is formed in the periphery of the clutch or brake wear plate 301, which clutch or wear plate is preferably a disc-like member. The peripheral notch 312 is adapted to be complemental with an abutment in a clutch or brake such as shown in my co-pending application.

Seventeenth form the invention The seventeenth form of the invention, as shown in FIG. 22, is somewhat similar to the thirteenth form of the invention, except this form of the invention utilizes a wear plate 321 which has a base plate 322 in which perforations 324 are formed. The perforations 324 are chamfered at each end, as indicated at 326, to receive wrought copper inserts 328 which till the perforations 324 and the chamfered recesses 326 so that the inserted pieces of copper in the respective perforations 324 and chamfers 326 will be flush with the respective surfaces of the perforate base plate 322. The copper inserts 328 are bonded to the perforate base plate 322 as by heat or pressure welding.

A plate or sheet of copper, designated generally at 330, covers one face of the perforate base plate 322 and is bonded thereto and to the copper inserts 328 therein; so

when heat is applied to one side of the clutch or brake wear plate, it will be readily transmitted to the opposite side of the wear plate due to the high thermal coeificient of copper which enables the present wear plate to be used with a water or liquid cooled brake or clutch which will enable the heat to be readily dissipated by the cooling media. A clutch or brake of this character is shown in the above mentioned co-pending application.

The wear plate 321 has a peripheral notch 332 therein to engage an abutment so as to prevent rotation relative to the body or housing of the clutch or brake due to the compressive biasing of the wear plate within an annular groove in which the abutment is fitted.

When used with a friction element such as reinforced asbestos that has a heat hardened plastic composition therein, the clutch or brake wear plate may be so constructed that the face opposite the sheet or plate of copper 330 may be balanced with the area of the copper with respect to the area of the iron or steel so that good wearing characteristics may be had due to the hardness of steel, and satisfactory heat dispersal is bad due to the insert heat sinks of copper 328 within the perforate base plate 322, which heat sinks of copper are adapted to connect in bonded relation with the solid plate of copper 330 and which dissipates the heat to the liquid cooling media, which liquid cooling media will dissipate the heat rapidly therefrom.

Eighteenth form 0] the invention The eighteenth form of the invention, as shown in FIG. 23, is similar in character to the form of the invention as shown in FIG. 22; however, the clutch or brake wear plate 341 has a base plate 342 in which perforations 344 are formed. The perforations 344 are chamfered at one end, as indicated at 346, with the perforations 344 and chamfers 346 being filled with copper metal which may either be forced thereinto under press pressure so as to cause a friction pressure bonding or welding of the metal within the perforate base plate 342, or the perforations 344 and the chamfers 346 may be filled with molten copper which cools and bonds to the perforate base plate 342 which may be made of iron or steel.

A covering of sheet copper, plate copper or fused cop per, as indicated at 350, is adapted to cover the face of the perforate base plate 342 on which the chamfers 346 are disposed with the copper sheet, plate or fused copper adhering in bonding relation to the perforate base plate 342 and to the surfaces of the copper inserts 348. The outer face of the copper plate or sheet or fused copper 350 is planar and parallel with a planar face 343 of the perforate base plate 342. The copper inserts 348 are also co-planar with the face of the base plate opposite said copper plate.

A notch 352 is formed in the periphery of the wear plate 341, which notch enables the plate to be used with the clutch or brake such as shown in my co-pending application as described in the aforementioned fourteenth form of the invention. The relative spacing of the perforations and sizes of the copper inserts 348 is such that any ratio of area between the steel or iron wear plate 341 and the surface of a copper-exposed running against the clutch or brake friction elements may be had, which enables both the wearing characteristics and heat dissipation characteristics to be enhanced over either steel or copper taken individually.

Ninete nth form of the inventi n The nineteenth form of the invention, as shown in FIG. 24, is similar to the twelfth form of the invention, as shown in FIG. 17, except the wear plate 361 is so constructed as to have a base plate 362 which has perforations 364 therein, one end of which perforations is chamfered, as indicated at 366. The perforations 364 and the chamfers 366 each receive a copper insert or plug 368 which fills the respective perforations and the chamfers so as to be flush with the opposite sides of the perforate base plate 362 and to be bonded thereto. Each side of the perforate base plate 362 is covered by a sheet or plate of copper 370, which plates or sheets of copper are each bonded to the respective sides of the perforate base plate 362 so that the outer faces of the clutch or brake wear plate 361 will present copper surfaces and be planar and parallel.

A notch 372 is formed in the periphery of the clutch or brake wear plate which is disc-like in shape, and while the peripheral notch is shown in this particular form of plate, it should be understood that the construction of the plate without the peripheral notch for use with other types of clutches and/or brakes is within the purview of the invention. The present clutch plate may be used with a clutch or brake as set out. in the above mentioned copending application.

With a clutch or brake wear plate constructed in this manner, heat from an asbestos composition friction member running against the wear plate to form a friction couple is readily dissipated over the entire surface of the clutch or brake wear plate 361, and from the first copper plate 370 through the heat sinks of copper inserts 368 to the other copper plate 370 which is in contact cooling relation with a liquid cooling media. While it is preferable to make the wear plate 361 out of copper,

other materials or alloys of materials having high coefficient of heat transfer may be used or the copper may be alloyed or hardened to alloy to present a harder material, yet give high heat transfer therethrough and thereby, since the perforate base plate 362 is preferably made of steel or iron to give the wear plate 361 sufficient strength to transmit the torque required.

Twentieth form of the invention The twentieth form of the invention, as shown in FIG. 25, is similar to the nineteenth form of the invention. The clutch or brake wear plate 381 has a base plate 382 which has perforations 384 formed therein in which copper inserts or fillers 388 are positioned, the ends of which inserts or fillers are fiush with the surfaces of perforate base plate 382 with the inserts or fillers being bonded to the perforate base plate.

Each side of the perforate base plate 382 has a copper sheet or plate 390 thereon and bonded thereto and to the copper inserts or fillers 388 so as to present a clutch or brake wear plate 381 with parallel, planar faces, which clutch or brake wear plate is disc-like in shape. The periphery of the clutch or brake Wear plate 381 has a notch 392 formed thereon so as to engage an abutment to form a compressive biasing action in a housing or body in a clutch or brake in a manner as set forth in the above mentioned co-pending application.

The copper plates 390 readily dissipate and transfer heat over the surface thereof and to and through the copper inserts which form heat sinks 388, to the opposite copper plate 390 which is in heat transfer relation with a cooling media as described in the aforementioned copending application.

Having thus clearly shown and described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. A wear plate for a clutch or brake comprising:

(a) a perforate, planar, unitary, disc-like base plate,

(1) perforations in said base plate being filled with a material of a high coefiicient of heat conductivity,

(2) said material in the perforations being bonded to said base plate, and

(b) a sheet of primarily copper material covering at least one face of said base plate and bonded thereto and to said material filling the perforations.

2. A wear plate for a clutch or brake, as defined in claim 1; wherein (a) both faces of said base plate are covered with sheets of primarily copper material and are bonded thereto and to the material filling the perforations. 3. A wear plate for a clutch or brake, as defined in claim 1; wherein (a) said perforations on at least one side of said base plate are chamfered, and (b) the chamfers of the perforations of said base plate being in substantially tangential relation. 4. A wear plate for a clutch or brake, as defined in claim 2; wherein (a) the perforations on both faces of the base plate are chamfered, with the chamfers of the perforation of said base plate being in substantially tangential relation,

(b) said chamfers being filled with a material of a high coefficient of heat conductivity, and

(1) said material in said chamfers being bonded to said base plate and to said sheets of primarily copper material covering the faces of said base plate and being bonded thereto.

5. A wear plate for a clutch or brake comprising:

(a) a perforate, disc-like base plate,

(1) at least one end of said perforations is chamfered,

(2) the chamfers of the perforations of said base plate being in substantially tangential relation,

(b) the perforations and the chamfers thereof in said base plate being filled with sintered material of a high coefficient of heat conductivity,

(1) said sintered material being bonded to said base plate,

(c) said base plate has a covering over at least one face thereof of a material of high coefficient of heat conductivity, and

(1) said covering being bonded to the face of said base plate and said sintered material in said perforations.

6. A wear plate for a clutch or brake, as defined in claim 5; wherein (a) the sintered material of high coefficient of heat conductivity, is primarily copper.

7. A wear plate for a clutch or brake, as defined in claim 5; wherein (a) both ends of the perforations in said base plate are chamfered,

(1) the chamfers of the perforations of said base plate on each side thereof being in substantially tangential relation, and

(b) the chamfers of the perforations being filled with sintered material and being bonded to the base plate and to the sintered material within the perforations of said base plate.

8. A wear plate for a clutch or brake, as defined in claim 7; wherein (a) the sintered material within said perforations and said chamfers is a material of high percentage of sintered copper.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,919,168 7/1933 Perks.

2,054,210 9/1936 Weisenburg 192-107 2,191,460 2/ 1940 Fisher.

2,421,925 6/ 1947 Cooley.

2,464,437 3/ 1949 Dasher.

2,519,865 8/1950 Wellman 192-107 2,561,445 7/1951 McCune.

2,818,634 1/1958 Batchelor et a].

2,986,238 5/1961 Eaton 192-1132 X BENJAMIN W. WYCHE III, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 

